Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Tae Jung Oh, Jae Myung Yu, Kyung Wan Min, Hyun Shik Son, Moon Kyu Lee, Kun Ho Yoon, Young Duk Song, Joong Yeol Park, In Kyung Jeong, Bong Soo Cha, Yong Seong Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, In Joo Kim, Doo Man Kim, Sung Rae Kim, Kwan Woo Lee, Jeong Hyung Park, In Kyu Lee, Tae Sun Park, Sung Hee Choi, Sung Woo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(3):276-286. Published online December 7, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0051

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Background

Combination of metformin to reduce the fasting plasma glucose level and an α-glucosidase inhibitor to decrease the postprandial glucose level is expected to generate a complementary effect. We compared the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of voglibose plus metformin (vogmet) with metformin monotherapy in drug-naïve newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A total of 187 eligible patients aged 20 to 70 years, with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7.0% to 11.0%, were randomized into either vogmet or metformin treatments for 24 weeks. A change in the HbA1c level from baseline was measured at week 24.

Results

The reduction in the levels of HbA1c was −1.62%±0.07% in the vogmet group and −1.31%±0.07% in the metformin group (P=0.003), and significantly more vogmet-treated patients achieved the target HbA1c levels of <6.5% (P=0.002) or <7% (P=0.039). Glycemic variability was also significantly improved with vogmet treatment, estimated by M-values (P=0.004). Gastrointestinal adverse events and hypoglycemia (%) were numerically lower in the vogmet-treated group. Moreover, a significant weight loss was observed with vogmet treatment compared with metformin (−1.63 kg vs. −0.86 kg, P=0.039).

Conclusion

Vogmet is a safe antihyperglycemic agent that controls blood glucose level effectively, yields weight loss, and is superior to metformin in terms of various key glycemic parameters without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Phytochemical analysis and antihyperglycemic activity of Castilleja arvensis
Mónica Aideé Díaz-Román, Juan José Acevedo-Fernández, Gabriela Ávila-Villarreal, Elizabeth Negrete-León, A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
Fitoterapia.2024; 174: 105839. CrossRef
YAP/TAZ axis was involved in the effects of metformin on breast cancer
Yu Xu, Hongke Cai, Yuanfeng Xiong, Li Tang, Longjiang Li, Li Zhang, Yi Shen, Yongqiang Yang, Ling Lin, Jiayi Huang
Journal of Chemotherapy.2023; 35(7): 627. CrossRef
Diabetes remission: Myth or reality?
Ashok Kumar, ShubhaLaxmi Margekar, Ravi Kumar
Indian Journal of Medical Specialities.2023; 14(1): 3. CrossRef
Analysis of Reports Sent to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System and Published Literature Regarding the Safety of Metformin in the Elderly
Beatriz Esteves, Cristina Monteiro, Ana Paula Coelho Duarte
Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2197. CrossRef
Rapid prediction method of α-Glycosidase inhibitory activity of Coreopsis tinctoria extract from different habitats by near infrared spectroscopy
Xiaogang He, Xiang Han, Jiaping Yu, Yulong Feng, Ganghui Chu
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy.2022; 268: 120601. CrossRef
Insulin autoimmune syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: A report of two cases
Y. Shin, T.J. Oh, S.H. Choi, H.C. Jang
Diabetes & Metabolism.2021; 47(1): 101115. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Jeong Mi Kim, Min Hee Jang, Kyung Ae Lee, Ju Hyung Lee, Seung Min Chung, Young Sang Lyu, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Sung Woo Kim, Eonju Jeon, Nan Hee Cho, Mi-Kyung Ki
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(5): 675. CrossRef
Quantifying Remission Probability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sanjay Kalra, Ganapathi Bantwal, Nitin Kapoor, Rakesh Sahay, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Beatrice Anne, Raju A Gopal, Sunil Kota, Ashok Kumar, Ameya Joshi, Debmalya Sanyal, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Ashok Kumar Das
Clinics and Practice.2021; 11(4): 850. CrossRef
The effect of voglibose on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Reza Tabrizi, Shahla Rezaei, Fatemeh Jafari, Kamran Hessami, Mehdi Abedi, Mohammad Jalali, Pedram Keshavarzi, Saeed Shahabi, Ali Asghar Kolahi, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Saeid Safiri
Pharmacological Research.2020; 159: 104988. CrossRef
Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Voglibose In Vitro and In Vivo
Mahesh Raj Nepal, Mi Jeong Kang, Geon Ho Kim, Dong Ho Cha, Ju-Hyun Kim, Tae Cheon Jeong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(6): 908. CrossRef
Response: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Diabetes metab J 2019;43;276-86)
Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 547. CrossRef
Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43;276-86)
Hannah Seok, Tae Seo Sohn
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 545. CrossRef

Safety and Efficacy of Modern Insulin Analogues: Hye Jin Yoo, Keun Yong Park, Kang Seo Park, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Kyung Wan Min, Jeong Hyun Park, Sang Ah Chang, Bong Soo Cha, Dong-Jun Kim, Yong Seong Kim, Tae Keun Oh, Suk Chon, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Mi Jin Kim, Hye-Soon Kim, Young Sik Choi, You Hern Ahn, Sora Lee, Sei Hyun Baik; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(3):181-189. Published online June 14, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.3.181

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

A1chieve® was a noninterventional study evaluating the clinical safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir, and insulin aspart.

Methods

Korean type 2 diabetes patients who have not been treated with the study insulin or have started it within 4 weeks before enrollment were eligible for the study. The patient selection and the choice of regimen were at the discretion of the physician. The safety and efficacy information was collected from the subjects at baseline, week 12, and week 24. The number of serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs) was the primary endpoint. The changes of clinical diabetic markers at week 12 and/or at week 24 compared to baseline were the secondary endpoints.

Results

Out of 4,058 exposed patients, 3,003 completed the study. During the study period, three SADRs were reported in three patients (0.1%). No major hypoglycemic episodes were observed and the rate of minor hypoglycemic episodes marginally decreased during 24 weeks (from 2.77 to 2.42 events per patient-year). The overall quality of life score improved (from 66.7±15.9 to 72.5±13.5) while the mean body weight was slightly increased (0.6±3.0 kg). The 24-week reductions in glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose were 1.6%±2.2%, 2.5±4.7 mmol/L, and 4.0±6.4 mmol/L, respectively.

Conclusion

The studied regimens showed improvements in glycemic control with low incidence of SADRs, including no incidence of major hypoglycemic episodes in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Insulin therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 967. CrossRef
Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 367. CrossRef
An information and communication technology-based centralized clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of insulin dose adjustment education based on a smartphone personal health record application: a randomized controlled trial
Gyuri Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Byoung Kee Yi, Kyu Yeon Hur, Dong Kyung Chang, Moon-Kyu Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics Predictive for a Successful Switch from Insulin Analogue Therapy to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Gyuri Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
Yonsei Medical Journal.2016; 57(6): 1395. CrossRef
Avoiding or coping with severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2015; 30(1): 6. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Responding to Once-Daily Basal Insulin Therapy in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Kyu-Jeung Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Young Duk Song, Dae Wook Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes Therapy.2015; 6(4): 547. CrossRef
The optimal morning:evening ratio in total dose of twice‐daily biphasic insulin analogue in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes: a 24‐week multi‐centre prospective, randomized controlled, open‐labelled clinical study
C. H. Jung, J.‐Y. Park, J. H. Cho, K.‐H. Yoon, H. K. Yang, Y.‐H. Lee, B. S. Cha, B.‐W. Lee
Diabetic Medicine.2014; 31(1): 68. CrossRef
The glycemic efficacies of insulin analogue regimens according to baseline glycemic status in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes: sub‐analysis from the A 1 chieve ® study
Y.‐C. Hwang, J. G. Kang, K. J. Ahn, B. S. Cha, S.‐H. Ihm, S. Lee, M. Kim, B.‐W. Lee
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2014; 68(11): 1338. CrossRef
Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 in Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Therapy in Korea: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study (Diabetes Metab J2013;37:117-24)
Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(3): 212. CrossRef

R1467H Variants of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 11 (ARHGEF11) are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans: Qing Song Jin, So Hun Kim, Shan-Ji Piao, Hyun Ae Lim, Seung Youn Lee, Seong Bin Hong, Yong Seong Kim, Hun-Jae Lee, Moonsuk Nam; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(6):368-373. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.6.368

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

The human Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 (ARHGEF11) functions as an activator of Rho GTPases and is thought to influence insulin signaling. The R1467H variant of ARHGEF11 has been reported to be associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Western populations.

Methods

We investigated the effects of the R1467H variant on susceptibility to T2DM as well as related traits in a Korean population. We genotyped the R1467H (rs945508) of ARHGEF11 in 689 unrelated T2DM patients and 249 non-diabetic individuals and compared the clinical and biochemical characteristics according to different alleles.

Results

The H allele was significantly more frequent in T2DM cases than in controls (P = 0.037, 17.1% and 13.1%; respectively). H homozygocity was associated with a higher risk of T2DM compared to those with R/R or R/H genotype (odds ratio, 5.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 25.83; P = 0.042). The fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA2-IR and HOMA2-%β levels did not differ significantly between different genotypes.

Conclusion

Our study replicated associations of the ARHGEF11 polymorphism with increased risk of T2DM in a Korean population and thus supports previous data implicating a potential role of ARHGEF11 in the etiology of T2DM. Further studies revealing the underlying mechanism for this association are needed.

Citations

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Epigenetic alteration of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange Factor 11 (ARHGEF11) in cord blood samples in macrosomia exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia
Jie Yan, Rina Su, Wanyi Zhang, Yumei Wei, Chen Wang, Li Lin, Hui Feng, Huixia Yang
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2021; 34(3): 422. CrossRef
Loss of Arhgef11 in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat Protects Against Hypertension-Induced Renal Injury
Ashley C. Johnson, Wenjie Wu, Esinam M. Attipoe, Jennifer M. Sasser, Erin B. Taylor, Kurt C. Showmaker, Patrick B. Kyle, Merry L. Lindsey, Michael R. Garrett
Hypertension.2020; 75(4): 1012. CrossRef
Transgenerational Obesity and Alteration of ARHGEF11 in the Rat Liver Induced by Intrauterine Hyperglycemia
Wanyi Zhang, Rina Su, Hui Feng, Li Lin, Chen Wang, Huixia Yang
Journal of Diabetes Research.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
ARHGEF11 affecting the placental insulin signaling pathway in fetal macrosomia of normal glucose tolerance pregnant women
Wanyi Zhang, Rina Su, Li Lin, Huixia Yang
Placenta.2018; 63: 7. CrossRef
Genetic variants and clinical relevance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a case-control study
Jie Yan, Rina Su, Deng Ao, Yan Wang, Haijun Wang, Huixia Yang
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2018; 31(16): 2115. CrossRef
Human Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 11 (ARHGEF11) Regulates Dendritic Morphogenesis
Yutaka Mizuki, Manabu Takaki, Shinji Sakamoto, Sojiro Okamoto, Makiko Kishimoto, Yuko Okahisa, Masahiko Itoh, Norihito Yamada
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2016; 18(1): 67. CrossRef
Allelic Variants in Arhgef11 via the Rho-Rock Pathway Are Linked to Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Contributes to Kidney Injury in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat
Zhen Jia, Ashley C. Johnson, Xuexiang Wang, Zibiao Guo, Albert W. Dreisbach, Jack R. Lewin, Patrick B. Kyle, Michael R. Garrett, Maria Pia Rastaldi
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(7): e0132553. CrossRef
The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor PDZ-RhoGEF governs susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes
Ying-Ju Chang, Scott Pownall, Thomas E Jensen, Samar Mouaaz, Warren Foltz, Lily Zhou, Nicole Liadis, Minna Woo, Zhenyue Hao, Previn Dutt, Philip J Bilan, Amira Klip, Tak Mak, Vuk Stambolic
eLife.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Human Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 gene is associated with schizophrenia in a Japanese population
Yutaka Mizuki, Manabu Takaki, Yuko Okahisa, Shinji Sakamoto, Masafumi Kodama, Hiroshi Ujike, Yosuke Uchitomi
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental.2014; 29(6): 552. CrossRef
Small G proteins and their regulators in cellular signalling
Roland Csépányi-Kömi, Magdolna Lévay, Erzsébet Ligeti
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2012; 353(1-2): 10. CrossRef
The Duration of Sulfonylurea Treatment Is Associated withβ-Cell Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Mi-Seon Shin, Jee Hee Yu, Chang Hee Jung, Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Woo Je Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2012; 14(11): 1033. CrossRef

Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Diets of Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Seongbin Hong, Yunjin Choi, Hun-Jae Lee, So Hun Kim, Younju Oe, Seung Youn Lee, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(1):32-39. Published online February 28, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.32

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Our aim was to assess the validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by comparison with the 3-day diet record (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Eighty five type 2 diabetic patients (aged 33 to 70 years) from the Korean National Diabetes Program (KNDP) completed 3-day DR and FFQ. The FFQ was designed to reflect the eating pattern of Korean type 2 diabetic patients, and was based on the 2003 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The FFQ consists of 85 food items and 12 food groups. The validity of FFQ was assessed by comparison with the 3-day DR.

Results

The mean age was 49 ± 10 years. Clinical characteristic including body weight, diabetic duration, and HbA1c were not different from the total cohort subjects (n = 1,478). There were no significant differences in the mean intake of protein, fat and calcium estimated by the FFQ and the 3-day DR. Energy and carbohydrate estimated by the FFQ were higher than those estimated by the 3-day DR. The correlation coefficient was highest for energy (r = 0.740; P < 0.00) and lowest for iron (r = 0.269; P < 0.05). The Kappa values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and calcium were 0.54, 0.37, 0.36, 0.46, and 0.19, respectively.

Conclusion

The FFQ is a reasonable instrument for assessing the intake of most macronutrients in Korean type 2 diabetes, although careful consideration is required for the food groups and nutrients for which the FFQ had low validity.

Citations

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Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Macronutrient Intake among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Malaysia
Norizzati Amsah, Zaleha Md Isa, Norfazilah Ahmad
Nutrients.2023; 15(3): 506. CrossRef
Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Korean Adults with Obesity
Jina Chung, Seoeun Ahn, Hyojee Joung, Sangah Shin
Nutrients.2023; 15(22): 4848. CrossRef
Development of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for obese Korean adults
S.H. Kim, J. Chung, S. Ahn, H. Joung
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Construct validity of the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 in a Ghanaian population
Eric Adua, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Kwasi Frimpong, Esther Adama, Shantha P. Karthigesu, Enoch Odame Anto, Emmanuel Aboagye, Yuxiang Yan, Youxin Wang, Xuerui Tan, Wei Wang
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nutritional Status Measurement Instruments for Diabetes: A Systematic Psychometric Review
Pedro Montagut-Martínez, David Pérez-Cruzado, José Joaquín García-Arenas
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(16): 5719. CrossRef
Nutrition Status Among HIV‐Positive and HIV‐Negative Inpatients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tássia Kirchmann Lazzari, Gabriele Carra Forte, Denise Rossato Silva
Nutrition in Clinical Practice.2018; 33(6): 858. CrossRef
Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Korean Adults Using Reduced Rank Regression
Dayeon Shin, Kyung Lee, Mi-Hye Kim, Hung Kim, Yun An, Hae-Kyung Chung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(1): 100. CrossRef
Development and relative validity of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Korean adults
Sohye Kim, Jung Sug Lee, Kyung Hee Hong, Hye Sun Yeom, Yeon Seo Nam, Ju Young Kim, Yoo Kyung Park
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(1): 103. CrossRef
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Dong Woo Kim, Sujin Song, Jung Eun Lee, Kyungwon Oh, Jeeseon Shim, Sanghui Kweon, Hee Young Paik, Hyojee Joung
Public Health Nutrition.2015; 18(8): 1369. CrossRef
Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies
Jee-Seon Shim, Kyungwon Oh, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2014; 36: e2014009. CrossRef
Validity and reproducibility of an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire in Austrian adults at risk of or with overt diabetes mellitus
Michaela Farukuoye, Klaus Strassburger, Gertrud Kacerovsky-Bielesz, Guido Giani, Michael Roden
Nutrition Research.2014; 34(5): 410. CrossRef
Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative FFQ designed for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from southern Brazil
Roberta Aguiar Sarmento, Juliana Peçanha Antonio, Bárbara Pelicioli Riboldi, Karina Romeu Montenegro, Rogério Friedman, Mirela Jobim de Azevedo, Jussara Carnevale de Almeida
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Instant Noodle Intake and Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Distinct Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Korea
Hyun Joon Shin, Eunyoung Cho, Hae-Jeung Lee, Teresa T. Fung, Eric Rimm, Bernard Rosner, JoAnn E. Manson, Kevin Wheelan, Frank B. Hu
The Journal of Nutrition.2014; 144(8): 1247. CrossRef
Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults
Mahshid Dehghan, Solange Martinez, Xiaohe Zhang, Pamela Seron, Fernando Lanas, Shofiqul Islam, Anwar T Merchant
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Development of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes
Roberta Aguiar Sarmento, Bárbara Pelicioli Riboldi, Ticiana da Costa Rodrigues, Mirela Jobim de Azevedo, Jussara Carnevale de Almeida
BMC Public Health.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Breast Arterial Calcifications, Metabolic Syndrome, and the 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study
Mi Jin Bae, Sang Yeoup Lee, Yun Jin Kim, Jeong Gyu Lee, Dong Wook Jeong, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young Hye Cho, Eun Jung Choi, Ki Seok Choo
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Youn Ju Na, Seon Heui Lee
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Relations of nutritional intake to age, sex and body mass index in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial
Yukio Yoshimura, Chiemi Kamada, Keiko Takahashi, Tae Kaimoto, Satoshi Iimuro, Yasuo Ohashi, Atsushi Araki, Hiroyuki Umegaki, Takashi Sakurai, Hideki Ito
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Case Reports

A Case of Insulinoma Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Sung Soo Yoo, Wan Sub Shim, Chul Hyun Kim, Ki Cheol Ha, Seung Min Lye, Eun Joo Kim, So Hun Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(6):517-519. Published online November 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.6.517

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Abstract PDF: An insulinoma is an endocrine tumor of the pancreas derived from the beta cells with abnormal insulin secretion. An insulinoma is rare, the incidence being estimated at only four per one million person-years. The association of diabetes mellitus and insulinoma is extraordinarily rare, but we should not overlook an insulinoma as a possible cause of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. A 70-year-old diabetic man who had been treated with oral hypoglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes suffered from night sweating for 10 days. Even after he stopped taking his oral hypoglycemic agents, the night sweating continued. The patient was admitted to evaluate the cause of the recurrent hypoglycemic events. After a 72-hour fasting test and selective arterial calcium stimulation test with venous sampling, he was diagnosed with insulinoma accompanied by type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the course of the study, the patient was also incidentally diagnosed with lung cancer.

A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Pregnancy.: Hyung Kwon Yu, Moonsuk Nam, Wan Sub Shim, Hyun Jung Chung, Eun Joo Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):180-183. Published online March 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.180

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Abstract PDF

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency due to destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. A novel subtype of type 1B which is rapidly developed without any evidence of autoimmunity has been recently proposed as fulminant type I diabetes. In female patients of child-bearing age, the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes occurred frequently during pregnancy or after delivery in Japan, however, there was no report about fulminant type 1 diabetes associated with pregnancy in Korea. We report a case of fulminant type 1 diabetes associated with pregnancy. A 28-year-old woman suffering from excessive thirst with vomiting and general weakness after four days from normal spontaneous vaginal delivery presented to our hospital. Laboratory examination revealed a high blood glucose level and evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, butHbA1c level was normal. These findings suggested a very recent onset of diabetes mellitus. Serum C-peptide level was very low level. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was weakly positive. After fluid and insulin based management, patient successfully recovered without any serious complication.

Citations

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Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Developing during Pregnancy in Patient with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Jong Ha Baek, Kyong Young Kim, Soo-Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jong Ryeol Hahm, Jaehoon Jung
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(2): 186. CrossRef
Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes with Robust Recovery in Insulin Secretion in a Pregnant Woman as an Initial Manifestation of Third-Trimester Intrauterine Fetal Death
Mi-Hae Seo, Hyosang Han, Ji Yun Jeong, Jun-Yong Chang, Sun Young Jung
Soonchunhyang Medical Science.2017; 23(2): 118. CrossRef
A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes during Pregnancy
Tae-Seon Oh, Heesoo Jung, Hye Rim Kang, Tae Kyun Kim, Min Jeong Kwon, Soon Hee Lee, Jeong Hyun Park
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(2): 134. CrossRef
A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Ischemic Ileitis
Se-Won Oh, Ju-Ri Park, Yun-Jeong Lee, Hee-Yeong Kim, Ji-A Seo, Nan-Hee Kim, Kyung-Mook Choi, Sei-Hyun Baik, Dong-Seop Choi, Sin-Gon Kim
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Original Articles

Development of Two Parallel Diabetes Knowledge Tests.: Wan Sub Shim, Seong Bin Hong, Yeon Sil Choi, Yun Jin Choi, Sook Hee Ahn, Kee Young Min, Eun Joo Kim, Ie Byung Park, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):476-486. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.476

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Knowledge evaluation about diabetes mellitus is necessary to self-manage diabetes effectively. We developed two parallel diabetes knowledge tests to meet a need for reliable knowledge assessment in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 75-items (59 items for general knowledge test, 16 items for insulin use subscale) were administered to 102 diabetic patients who visited Inha University Hospital. The items which had the appropriate difficulty (0.25~0.80) and good discrimination index (above 0.25) were selected. However, the items which are thought to be an important item for education were also selected even though they did not meet the criteria of reliability and discrimination index. Two parallel diabetes knowledge tests were developed after matching the selected appropriate items for similar contents. RESULTS: 102 patients fulfilled the tests and their mean age was 54.1 +/- 11.5 years. Mean percentage of correct questionnaires was 60.9 +/- 12.5% for general test and 45.9 +/- 19.5% for insulin use subscale. There were significant differences of scores between patients with high and low education level, between patients with high income per household and low income level per household, between patients with the history of diabetes education and without history of diabetes education, and between the old (> or = 50 yrs) and the young (< 50 yrs) age group. However, there was no significant difference of scores according to diabetes duration and complication or not. The selected two tests had a similar score. And their Cronbach alpha was appropriate (> 0.70) in both tests. CONCLUSIONS: We developed two parallel diabetes knowledge tests. These tests can be used as an important means in evaluating the diabetes knowledge and effect of education in diabetic patients.

Citations

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Health literacy and diabetes self‐care activities: The mediating effect of knowledge and patient activation
Su Hyun Kim
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients
Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
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The percent change of body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using rosiglitazone for 1 year.: Seong Bin Hong, Hwi Ra Park, Eun A Kim, Kyung wook Lee, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(1):47-53. Published online January 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.1.47

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Rosiglitazone(RSG) is known as a potent agonist for the PPARgamma. It improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. And it is associated with body weight gain. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)gamma2 has recently been shown to be associated with insulin sensitivity. This study was performed to evaluate the body weight change during the long term rosiglitazone treatment and the role of PPARgamma2 polymorphism, Pro12Ala as an indicator to predict the clinical response of RSG in type 2 diabetes patients. METHOD: The study subjects were 214 type 2 diabetic patients(117 male, 97 female) who were received a daily 1 year course of 4 mg RSG combined with sulfonylurea or metformin. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma2 was determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) method. Body weight, height, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, c-peptide and lipid profile were measured. RESULTS: After RSG treatment, body weight change was 2.4 +/- 3.8%, 4.5 +/- 9.8% of baseline body weight at 12, 24 weeks respectively. Body weight gains were increased to 5.6 +/- 10.1% at the end of 1 year. The HbA1C, serum insulin level and HOMA index were decreased following the rosiglitazone therapy. The allele frequency of the Ala12Pro polymorphism of the PPARgamma2 was 0.016. The number of Ala12Pro variant of the PPARgamma2 was too low to predict clinical response of RSG. Body weight gain was correlated with basal fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial 2 hour glucose and HbA1c level(p<0.05). There was no correlation between baseline body weight and change. CONCLUSION: This results showed that Pro12Ala polymorphism was not acceptable for the predictor of RSG induced weight gain and clinical response. However, body weight gain was increased in who had high glucose level, and correlated positively with glucose decrease. 1st 3 month weight gain was best predictor of weight change during 1 year.

Case Report

Two Cases of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with Atypical Antipsychotics.: Seung Hee Lee, Kum Ho Yi, Eun A Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(6):566-570. Published online November 1, 2005

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Abstract PDF: Atypical antipsychotics have been widely used for the management of patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, they may be associated with a greater risk of metabolic abnormalities than others, including weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report two cases of reversible DKA and new-onset DM that developed in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. A 42-year-old male patient with schizophrenia who was on olanzapine admitted to the hospital because of DKA. He had been taking olanzapine for 5 months. Five months before the admission, his fasting serum glucose levels were 109 m/dL. Another 34-year-old male with no previous history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital and subsequently diagnosed with DKA. The patient had been taking risperidone. Clinicians should monitor blood glucose concentrations periodically in patients taking atypical antipsychotics.

Original Articles

Resurvey of Alternative Medicine in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after 10Years.: Kyung Wook Lee, Seong Bin Hong, Kee Young Min, Seung Yong Lee, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kwan Woo Lee, Tae Sun Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(3):231-238. Published online May 1, 2005

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Despite tremendous advances in modern medicine, the interest in alternative medicine, including those medicines used for the treatment of diabetes has intensified throughout the industrialized world. We conducted a clinical resurvey of the dlternative medicines used for diabetic treatment, and we compared the results with those from the previous survey. METHODS: From July through October 2004, a total of 1,233 type 2 diabetics attending diabetes clinics in five university hospitals were interviewed and asked 14 questions that were identical to those questions asked 10 years ago during the earlied study. RESULTS: On the average, the respondents, having an average age of 58.9+/-11.4years, suffered diabetes for 8.7+/-7.3years with 7.7+/-1.4% HbA1c. The percentage of patients who experienced using alternative medicine for diabetic treatment plummeted from 73.9% to 33.2% over the last 10 years. Herbal medicine maintained its high popularity with increase an being seen in supplementary food use. The average per-capita spending on alternative medicine changed from 520,000 Korea Won on five types of medicine in 1994 to 730,000 on two types of medicine in 2004. Regarding the information sources, the family and relatives topped the list again(70.3%). Information sources such as mass media almost doubled to 20.2%, and the internet accounted for 1.2% in 2004. The majority of the users said again in 2004 that the medicine was `inefficacious'(63.5%) but those who answered positively inched up by 3.1% from 14.5% in 1994. To the question if they would try a new alternative medicine, the majority answered negatively in 2004(43% of the experienced group, 52.3% of the inexperienced group), and this was unlike the results in 1994 when the positive responses prevailed(78.6% and 72.7% respectively). CONCLUSION: Alternative medicine use among the type 2 diabetic patients has declined in the last 10 years. The patients overall attitude toward alternative medicine has turned negative, and this is primarily attributable the to continuous, proper education by mass media and social groups

Genetic Polymorphism of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Kyung Wook Lee, Meihua Jiang, Shanji Piao, Eun A Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Hyun Chul Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(1):30-38. Published online January 1, 2005

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells, which stimulates insulin secretion from cells. The biological action of GLP-1 is mediated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is 463 amino acids in size, with 7 transmembrane domains. Because GLP-1 plays an important modulatory role in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin, the GLP-1R could be a candidate gene contributing to impaired -cell function and the development of this genetically heterogeneous disorder. Recently, four GLP-1R SNPs were identified in Caucasian diabetic individuals, and for the SNP at the Leu- 260Phe (A/C) position, statistically significant differences were detected in the distribution of genotypes between type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. We replicated the genetic association between the SNP at the leu260Phe (A/C) position in the GLP-1R gene and Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The Leu260Phe polymorphism in the GLP-1R gene was determined using a PCR- RFLP method (the genotypes were determined according to the results of polymerase chain reaction products after digestion and the digestive enzyme was BbsI) in 419 Korean type 2 diabetic patients and 345 nondiabetic subjects. RESULTS: In contrast to the Caucasian report, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles, and genotypes between Korean type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. When analyzed according to gender, BMI and age of onset, the genotype distribution of type 2 diabetic subjects was not significantly different from nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSION: The Leu260Phe polymorphism in the GLP-1R gene was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and we were unable to replicate the genetic association between this polymorphism and Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus

High Carbohydrate Diet Effects on the Development of Diabetes Mellitus and Modification of Pancreatic Islets in OLETF Rats.: Sung Ki Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Hwi Ra Park, Eun A Kim, Kyung Wook Lee, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(3):187-198. Published online June 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Diet has long been believed to be an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The composition of carbohydrates in the diet was higher in the past, where as now it is considerably reduced in the diet of Korean peoples, which is probably associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect of high carbohydrate/low protein diets on the glucose and lipid metabolism and the pancreatic islet in OLETF(Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats, the animal model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Seven week old male OLETF rat were fed a high carbohydrate/low protein diet(carbohydrate 71.0%, fat 14.5%, protein 14.5%) as the experimental group, with an ordinary chow diet(carbohydrate 63.5%, fat 14.5%, protein 22%) fed to the controls. The plasma insulin, lipid profiles, free fatty acid and oral glucose tolerance were analyzed at 16 and 32 weeks. After the glucose tolerance test, the pancreas was excised, and immunohistochemical staining was conducted for the islet morphology and insulin mRNA to quantify the insulin secretory capacity. RESULTS: The basal glucose levels tended to be higher in the control group, but with no significant statistical difference. There were no differences in the serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and plasma free fatty acid levels between the two groups. The pancreatic islets of the control group showed multilobulation, with fibrotic changes; where as those of the experimental group were maintained normal profiles. A higher expression of insulin mRNA was observed in the experimental than in the control group. CONCLUSION: A high carbohydrate diet induced lower body weight increases, and protected against beta cell injury and decreased the development of abnormal glucose tolerance in OLETF rats. This may explain the growing incidence of diabetes with respect to the change in carbohydrate composition in the diet of Korean peoples. However, whether the protective effect of a high carbohydrate diet, against the development of diabetes in OLETF rats, can be attributed to small weight increases or if the change in food composition itself, or both needs to be determined.

Effect of Leptin on Alteration of beta-cell Mass in Rat Pancreas.: Seong Bin Hong, Yu Mi Han, Young Ju Park, Yun Joo Oe, Sung Ki Kim, Yoe Joo Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim, In Sun Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(4):253-264. Published online August 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus can occur when insulin secretion and action are inadequate in relation to blood glucose level. Several experiments recently reported that leptin and pancreatic beta-cells have functional axis to interact each other. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of leptin on regulation of beta-cell mass during neonatal period when they show a dynamic growth. METHOD: Leptin was injected intraperitoneally to rat neonates for 7 days from the second day after birth. Using the pancreas of the rat pups, immunohistochemical stain, in-situ hybridization and northern blot for insulin were done for analysis of beta-cell mass as well as for insulin synthesis and secretion. In addition, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was examined to assess the effect of leptin on islet cell proliferation. RESULT: 1) The weight gain and blood glucose levels showed no significant difference between leptin injected groups (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg) and control one. 2) The weights of pancreas were not different between both group. 3) Pancreatic islets of rat who received leptin 0.5 mg/kg were reduced in area and number than those of normal pups. They also showed the decreased beta-cell number per islet compared with control as well as leptin 0.1 mg/kg injected groups (59+/-49 vs 47+/-31 vs 31+/-21 per islet, p<0.05). 4) The beta-cell mass of rat who received leptin 0.5 mg/kg decreased but there was no significant difference. 5) The mRNA expressions of insulin were not different among control, leptin 0.1 mg/kg and leptin 0.5 mg/kg group. 6) The expression of PCNA as a proliferation marker showed no difference between control and leptin injected group. CONCLUSION: These results reflected that leptin negatively regulated neonatal islet cell growth occurring in normal rat pups, and resulted to relative decrease of beta-cell number compared to the untreated control. We, therefore, suggest that leptin may play the important role in beta-cell mass during neonatal period.

Serum Proinsulin, Proinsulin/Total Insulin Ratio and Insulin Resistance in Elderly-onset Type 2 Diabetes.: Yoon Ju Oh, Young Ju Park, Young Wan Kim, Sung Ki Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Yoe Joo Kim, Mi Rim Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(2):113-124. Published online April 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
It is well known that the concentration of serum proinsulin and the ratio of proinsulin/total insulin (P/I) are elevated in type 2 diabetes. Proinsulin is produced by the ribosome in pancreatic beta cells, undergoes maturation in Golgi body and exists in the form of secretory granules. Immature granules possess disproportionately large amount of proinsulin. When there is increased demand of insulin caused by diabetes, higher level of proinsulin is secreted from immature granules of dysfunctioning beta cells. Thus, the elevated concentration of proinsulin and the increased ratio of P/I are considered to be the markers of pancreatic dysfunction and predictors for the future development of diabetes. The elderly-onset type 2 diabetes is also thought to develop due to both dysfunction of insulin secretion by impaired beta cell with aging and increased insulin resistance in peripheral tissue due to less muscle mass and more fat. However, it is still controversial as to which mechanism is predominant in the development of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We measured the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum proinsulin and specific human insulin by using radioimmunoassay kit, and calculated the P/I ratio and insulin sensitivity index in normal adults (40or=60, n=35) and also in the newly-diagnosed elderly type 2 diabetes (age>or=60, n=24). RESULTS: The concentration of serum proinsulin and the ratio of P/I in normal adults over age 40 were 7.70+/-6.08 pmol/L and 0.13+/-0.10, respectively. The concentration of proinsulin in the normal adult, normal elderly and elderly diabetes group were 6.50+/-3.71, 11.17+/-8.30 and 16.75+/-11.68 pmol/L. The differences among three groups were statistically significant (p= 0.0001). The P/I ratios for each of the three groups were 0.11+/-0.05, 0.17+/-0.12 and 0.16+/-0.08 (p=0.0004). P/I ratios in the elderly control and elderly diabetes were higher than that of the normal adult group. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI, 10,000/(basal glucose X basal insulin)) of elderly diabetes (1.19+/-0.89) was lower when compared with the indices of other groups (40or=60 control; 2.27+/-1.11, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Although the age-related reduction of pancreatic insulin secretory function attributes to the pathogenesis of old-age onset type 2 diabetes, it appears that the decreased insulin sensitivity may serve as more important factor in the development of the disease.

Role of Nitric Oxide on the Insulin Secretion of Rat Pancreas.: Moon Suk Nam, Sung Ki Kim, Seong Bin Hong, Yeo Joo Kim, Mi Rim Kim, Yong Seong Kim, Young Duk Song, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(6):748-756. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus could occur when insulin secretion of pancreas is inadequate in response to blood glucose. The mechanisms on failure of pancreatic beta cell are still not known. Several recent experiments have reported that nitric oxide (NO) may be considered as a modulator of insulin secretion and impairment associated with the beta cell. The present study was purposed to investigate the role of nitric oxide on the secretion of insulin of rat pancreas in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: The plasma insulin and glucose were measured after intravenous injection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl. ester, L-NAME) in male rat. Insulin release was determmed during stimulation of NOS inhibitor and nitric oxide donor (hydroxylamine) in the isolated pancreatic islets. RESULT: 1. The insulin secretory response with L-arginine stimulation after injection of NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) in rat was increased resulting in mild hypoglycemia which recovered promptly. This showed that NO were related with L-arginine induced insulin secretion. 2. After isolation of pancreatic islet, 11,0 mM glucose induced insulin release was increased in culture media and L-arginine (1.0 mM) induced insulin release was also increased compared with control (6.72+/-0.66 vs. 3.48+/-0.42 prnol/islet/hour, p<0.05). 3. L-arginine induced insulin release was increased with L-NAME in the isolated rat pancreatic islets (12.5+/-1.38 vs, 7.23+/-0.93 ng/islet/ hour, p<0.05). 4. Glucose induced insulin release was progressively inhibited by NO donor hydroxylamine in the isolated rat pancreas islet (6.72+/-0.75 vs. 2.46+/-0.60 pmol/islet/hour p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that nitric oxide is a negative modulator of insulin release in normal rats induced by the nutrient secretagogues L-arginine and glucose in vivo and in vitro. Further investigation on the mechanism of nitric oxide in insulin secretory pathway will be necessary.

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